Gut microbiota dysbiosis and therapeutic interventions with probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been increasingly acknowledged as a significant factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Changes in the composition and functioning of the gut microbial community can result in chronic inflammation and encourage tumour formation in the colorectal region. This review outlines the current understanding of gut microbiota changes linked to inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer and examines treatment strategies aimed at restoring microbial balance. In particular, the authors emphasise the potential of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as promising methods to modify the gut ecosystem, reduce inflammation and enhance clinical outcomes. The effectiveness, mechanisms and challenges associated with these approaches are discussed, underscoring their importance in disease prevention and management. Additional research is necessary to refine these treatments and fully understand their long-term effects.