This analysis highlights the dominance of internal combustion engines as vehicle power sources, indicating ongoing reliance despite technological advancements.
The internal combustion engines are going to be the preferred vehicle power source for many years to come, for a simple fact that the capital investment, i.e., the required industries and supporting technologies are enormous. No other prime mover has shown any insight for its replacement.
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Alam et al. (2025) studied this question.
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