Examining the Effect of Online Engagement on Older Adults’ Subjective Memory Capability: Cross-Sectional Path Analysis

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Background The utility of online engagement in enhancing quality of life and mitigating social isolation among older adults is well documented. However, its relationship with cognitive functioning, particularly through online engagement, requires further exploration. Objective This study investigated whether active online engagement via the Virtual Senior Center (VSC) program was associated with subjective memory capability among older adults and whether subjective memory capability was associated with psychological well-being and loneliness. Methods This study included a cross-sectional sample of 53 homebound older adults participating in the VSC program, which offers diverse online classes to promote social interaction. Path analysis was conducted to examine the associations among online engagement, subjective memory capability, quality of life, and loneliness. Results Increased participation in VSC activities was associated with higher subjective memory capability (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.04-0.54; P <.02). Subjective memory capability was associated with better quality of life (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.04-0.54; P <.001) and lower loneliness (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.04-0.54; P <.003). No direct associations were observed between online engagement and quality of life or loneliness. Conclusions Subjective memory capability was associated with better quality of life and lower loneliness. Although online engagement had no direct association with quality of life and loneliness, the observed indirect pattern suggests that subjective memory capability may represent a psychologically meaningful pathway through which structured online engagement relates to well-being. These findings highlight the potential of digital platforms to complement traditional forms of socialization, particularly for older adults facing physical or geographic barriers to interaction.