Global burden and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes in adults aged 20-59 years, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background This study aimed to investigate the burden of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes (CKD-T2D) and its influencing factors in the population aged 20–59 years from 1990 to 2019, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Methods The GBD Study data were analyzed to assess the global age-standardized incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALY) rate of CKD-T2D. Decomposition analysis was employed to explore the effects and contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes on CKD-T2D DALY. Additionally, the study investigated the correlation between attributable risk factors and the socioeconomic development index (SDI). Results Globally, the age-standardized incidence of CKD-T2D showed an upward trend (AAPC = 0.7%, P < 0.05), with slight increases observed in the age-standardized death rate (AAPC = 0.2%, P < 0.05) and DALY rate (AAPC = 0.3%, P < 0.05). Incidence, mortality, and DALY rates were higher with increasing age and among males. Population growth and aging were identified as significant drivers of CKD-T2D DALY burden in the 20–59 age group, while high systolic blood pressure and high body-mass index were the primary attributable risk factors. High SDI countries exhibited higher contributions from body-mass index, whereas low SDI countries were more impacted by high systolic blood pressure. The population attributable fraction of CKD-T2D DALY caused by high body-mass index positively correlated with SDI (R = 0.62 to 0.65, P < 0.001), while high temperature (R = -0.35 to -0.38, P < 0.001) and lead exposure (R = -0.62 to -0.64, P < 0.001) showed negative correlations. Conclusions The burden of CKD-T2D represents an increasing concerning global public health issue. Targeted disease screening and early intervention measures for individuals aged 20–59 years can effectively alleviate the burden of CKD-T2D. High systolic blood pressure and high body-mass index are major attributable risk factors, and their correlation with SDI should be considered when formulating prevention and control strategies.