Why the study?
Despite radiation risks driving alternative imaging in electrophysiology, technical concerns and costs limit fluoroless methods to highly complex procedures and young patients.
Design
State-of-the-art review
Authors
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Supports radiation minimization in EP labs; leaves open standardization, cost-effectiveness, and broader outcome data.
Fluoroless imaging techniques like 3D mapping and intracardiac echocardiography are safe and effective for reducing radiation exposure in EP procedures, though widespread adoption is currently limited by cost and technical concerns.
Preda et al. (2024) studied this question.
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