Key result
Secondary metastatic cardiac tumors outnumber primary cardiac tumors by up to ~40 times.
Why the study?
Cardiac tumors are rare, challenging clinical entities with difficult diagnoses owing to their variety and nonspecific symptoms.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, clinical manifestations, multimodality imaging diagnosis, and management strategies for rare primary and secondary cardiac tumors.
Alerts clinicians to metastatic predominance in cardiac masses; leaves open standardized diagnostic algorithms.
Cardiac tumors represent a rare and challenging clinical situation. They can be primary (benign or malignant) or secondary (metastatic). Secondary tumors are more frequent than the primary tumors. Most of the primary cardiac tumors are benign and originate from the endocardium or myocardium, while the metastatic tumors develop from lung, breast, kidney carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma. The diagnosis of cardiac tumors is often difficult because of their rarity, variety and nonspecific symptoms. The clinical manifestations depend on tumor’s size, location, infiltration and consist of four categories: systemic manifestations, cardiac manifestations, embolic events, and metastatic manifestations. Echocardiography represents the main imaging technique used to detect cardiac masses. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to achieve more information about tumor’s composition, extension, vascularization, and possibility of surgical treatment. The histological evaluation is necessary for a positive diagnosis and staging of the cardiac tumor. The treatment of cardiac tumors depends on the type of tumor and symptomatology.
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GROSU et al. (2022) conducted a review in Cardiac tumors. Secondary metastatic cardiac tumors are 20 to 40 times more frequent than primary cardiac tumors, requiring imaging and histological evaluation for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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