The most natural way to break the grand-unified-theory gauge symmetry is with a Higgs field whose vacuum expectation value is of order 10¹⁶ GeV but whose mass is of order 10² to 10³ GeV. This can lead to a cosmological history radically different from what is usually assumed to have occurred between the standard inflationary and nucleosynthesis epochs, which may solve the gravitino and Polonyi-moduli problems in a natural way.
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Lyth et al. (1995) studied this question.
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