Key result
Older age with LV thrombus is linked to ~52% higher MACE risk despite similar resolution.
Why the study?
Contemporary data regarding the clinical characteristics and prognosis of left ventricular thrombus in older adults aged 65 years or older were lacking.
Does older age (≥ 65 years) worsen the prognosis of patients with left ventricular thrombus receiving anticoagulation?
Cohort (n=315)
No
Does older age (≥ 65 years) worsen the prognosis of patients with left ventricular thrombus receiving anticoagulation?
Effect estimate: HR 1.52 (95% CI 1.10-2.11)
Absolute Event Rate: 61.1% vs 40%
p-value: p=0.012
Elderly patients with left ventricular thrombus have a significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality compared to younger patients, despite achieving similar rates of thrombus resolution with anticoagulation.
Elderly LVT patients face higher MACE risk despite similar thrombus resolution on anticoagulation; leaves open whether age-tailored strategies improve outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Contemporary data regarding the clinical characteristics and prognosis of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) in older adults (aged ≥ 65 years old) are lacking. In this study, we characterized elderly patients with LVT (aged ≥ 65 years old) and investigated the long-term prognosis in this highly vulnerable patient population. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients with a reported LVT were assessed primarily by transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) and classified into two groups: elderly LVT groups and younger LVT groups. All patients were treated with anticoagulant treatment. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as the composite of all-cause mortality, systemic embolism, and rehospitalization for cardiovascular events. Survival analyses were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazard model. RESULTS: A total of 315 eligible patients were included. Compared to the younger LVT group (n = 171), the elderly LVT group (n = 144) had a lower proportion of males and lower serum creatinine clearance, as well as a higher level of NT-proBNP, and a higher rate of history of systemic embolism. LVT resolution occurred in 59.7% and 69.0% of patients in the elderly LVT group and younger LVT group, respectively, with no significant difference (adjusted HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74-1.28; P = 0.836). Yet, elderly patients with LVT, had higher prevalence rates of MACE (adjusted HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10-2.11; P = 0.012), systemic embolism (adjusted HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.20-6.59; P = 0.017) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.29-3.74; P = 0.004) compared with younger patients with LVT. After adjusting for mortality in the Fine-Gray model, similar results were observed. Additionally, patients treated with different anticoagulation therapies (DOACs vs. warfarin) achieved a similar improvement in prognosis (P > 0.05) or LVT resolution (P > 0.05) in elderly patients with LVT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results found that elderly patients experiencing LVT have a poor prognosis compared with the younger ones. Clinical prognosis in elderly patients did not significantly differ with the type of anticoagulant used. With aging societies worldwide, further evidence of antithrombotic therapy in elderly individuals with LVT is necessary.
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Zhang et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Left ventricular thrombus (n=315). Elderly age (≥ 65 years) vs. Younger age (< 65 years) was evaluated on Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.11, p=0.012). Elderly patients with left ventricular thrombus had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events than younger patients (HR 1.52), despite similar rates of thrombus resolution.
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