Key result
Higher training workloads moderately correlate with reduced sleep duration but not nocturnal HRV.
Why the study?
Individual sleep habits, nocturnal HRV responses, and their intra-individual associations with workload in high-level female soccer players throughout a competitive period were not well described.
Observational (n=34)
Effect estimate: r -0.43 (95% CI -0.53 to -0.32)
p-value: p=<0.001
In high-level female soccer players, training and match workloads were negatively associated with sleep duration and efficiency, but did not significantly affect nocturnal heart rate variability.
Workload may shorten sleep in elite female soccer players without affecting nocturnal HRV; leaves open causal effects and monitoring utility.
Purpose To describe individual sleep habits and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) responses, and to explore intra-individual associations of workload with sleep and nocturnal HRV indices in high-level female soccer players throughout a 2-week competitive period. Materials and methods The study followed a descriptive, observational design. Thirty-four high-level female soccer players (aged 20.6 ± 2.3 years) wore wrist actigraph units and heart rate (HR) monitors during night-sleep to record objective sleep and HRV data throughout 14 days [six evening-time training sessions (ET), six rest-days (RD), and two match-days (MD)]. During each ET and MD, exercise HR (HR exe ), %HR peak , training impulse (TRIMP), session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and perceived ratings of wellbeing were monitored. Results After ET, a higher number of players (17–22) slept less than 7 h/night, in contrast to the remaining days (i.e., MD and RD), but only 1–6 players had a sleep efficiency < 75%. The coefficient of variation (CV) for sleep duration and sleep efficiency ranged between 9–22% and 2–11%, respectively. A small negative within-subject correlation was found between TRIMP and sleep duration [ r = −0.25 (−0.36; −0.12); P < 0.001] and sleep efficiency [ r = −0.20 (−0.32; −0.08); P = 0.004]. A moderate and small negative within-subject correlation was found between s-RPE and sleep duration [ r = −0.43 (−0.53; −0.32); P < 0.001] and sleep efficiency [ r = −0.17 (−0.30; −0.05); P = 0.02]. Nocturnal HRV for the time-domain analyses ranged from 4.1 (3.9; 4.3) to 4.4 (4.1; 4.6) ln[ms], and for the frequency-domain analyses ranged from 6.3 (5.9; 6.7) to 7.5 (7.1; 7.9) ln[ms 2 ]. CV for time-domain HRV ranged from 3 to 23%, and from 4 to 46% for the frequency-domain. Higher CV fluctuations in time- and frequency-domain HRV were particularly observed in four players. Conclusion Overall, this study highlights the individual variability of sleep and nocturnal HRV indices, indicating that sleep duration may be affected by training and match schedules and workloads. Training and matches workload were not associated with nocturnal HRV in high-level female soccer players.
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Costa et al. (2021) conducted an observational in High-level female soccer players (n=34). Training and match workload (s-RPE) was evaluated on Within-subject correlation between session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and sleep duration (r -0.43, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.32, p=<0.001). In high-level female soccer players, higher training and match workloads were moderately associated with reduced sleep duration (r = -0.43) but not with nocturnal heart rate variability.
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