Parametric analysis and mechanism investigation of 2 µm thulium-doped picosecond laser ablation in myocardial tissue

In our work, we introduced a fully fiber-integrated 2 μm thulium-doped laser system and conducted a parametric analysis of myocardial tissue ablation using this laser. Fresh porcine myocardial tissue samples were used as experimental models to precisely adjust key ablation parameters, including laser power ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 W and scanning speed ranging from 1 to 2.5 mm/s. Ablation experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, and the ablation mechanism was evaluated through multiple aspects such as ablation morphology, thermal damage margins, tissue structure preservation, and pathology. By analyzing the parameters of scanning speed and laser power, precise ablation of myocardial tissue areas was achieved. Experimental results showed that ablation depths of 1.03-0.55 mm and ablation areas of 1.39-4.07 mm² could be obtained with scanning speeds controlled between 1-2.5 mm/s and power controlled between 1-3 W. This study provides valuable insights into the parameter optimization and ablation mechanism of 2 μm thulium-doped picosecond laser ablation for myocardial tissue, confirming the potential of this technology in precise and minimally invasive cardiac interventions.