Biosynthesis, secretion, and receptor selectivity of human brain natriuretic peptide

Biosynthesis, secretion and receptor selectivity of human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP) were studied. The BNP mRNA level in the ventricle was approximately 40% of that in the atrium and, taking tissue weight into account, the total amount of BNP mRNA in the ventricle was about twofold greater than the total amount in the atrium. The plasma BNP-like immuno-reactivity (-LI) level in normal subjects was 0.90 +/- 0.07 fmol/mL, which was 16% of the ANP-LI level. In contrast, the plasma BNP-LI level markedly increased in patients with congestive heart failure, with a progressive rise in proportion to its severity. There was a significant step-up of the plasma BNP-LI level in the coronary sinus (CS) compared with that in the aortic root, and the difference in the plasma BNP-LI level between the CS and the aorta (Ao), delta (CS-Ao)BNP, increased with the severity of congestive heart failure. In addition, the difference in the BNP-LI level between the anterior inverventricular vein (AIV) draining the ventricle and the aorta (delta (AIV-Ao)BNP) was comparable to delta (CS-Ao) BNP, indicating that BNP is secreted predominantly from the ventricle. Binding ability to human clearance receptors (C receptors) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) production of hBNP were investigated and compared with those of ANP. hBNP bound to human C receptors very weakly (about 7%), but exerted cGMP production similar to ANP in cultured human mesangial cells and bovine endothelial cells. In conclusion, hBNP is a novel cardiac hormone mainly synthesized in and secreted from the ventricle and plays physiological and pathophysiological roles in the dual cardiac natriuretic peptide system.