Heterogeneities in Ventricular Conduction Following Treatment with Heptanol: A Multi-Electrode Array Study in Langendorff-Perfused Mouse Hearts

Figure 1. A cartoon of 64-channel multi-electrode array arranged in an 8 × 8 grid. Figure reproduced from MappingLab with permission.

Figure 2. Representative biphasic electrograms obtained from spontaneously beating hearts under control conditions (top) and in the presence of 0.1 mM (middle) or 2 mM heptanol (bottom).

Figure 3. Representative biphasic electrograms from a single channel (A) and corresponding activation maps (B) obtained from spontaneously beating hearts under control conditions and in the presence of 0.1 mM. Representative biphasic electrograms from a single channel (C) and corresponding activation maps (D) obtained from spontaneously beating hearts under control conditions and in the presence of 2 mM. There was a dose-dependent reduction in heart rate as heptanol concentration increased (E). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001. Data from n = 5 hearts. Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.

Figure 4. Representative biphasic electrograms obtained during 8 Hz pacing under control conditions (top) and in the presence of 0.1 mM (middle) or 2 mM heptanol (bottom).

Figure 5. Representative biphasic electrograms (A) and corresponding activation maps (B) from a single channel obtained during 8 Hz pacing under control conditions and in the presence of 0.1 mM. Representative biphasic electrograms (C) and corresponding activation maps (D) from a single channel obtained during 8 Hz pacing under control conditions and in the presence of 2 mM.

Figure 6. Mean local activation time (LAT) (A), standard deviation of mean LATs (B), median of phase differences (C), P5 (D), P50 (E), P95 (F), absolute inhomogeneity (P5–95, (G)), and inhomogeneity index (P5–95/P50, (H)) obtained during 8 Hz pacing before and after introduction of 0.1 mM or 2 mM heptanol. Data from n = 5 hearts. Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. * indicates p < 0.05.

Figure 7. Normalized median of phase differences (A), P5 (B), P50 (C), P95 (D), absolute inhomogeneity (P5–95, (E)), and inhomogeneity index (P5–95/P50, (F)) obtained during 8 Hz pacing before and after introduction of 0.1 mM or 2 mM heptanol. Data from n = 5 hearts. Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. * indicates p < 0.05.