Magnetization and Electrical Resistivity of Gadolinium Single Crystals

The magnetic moment of single-crystal Gd has been measured in fields from 0 to 18 kOe along the $〈0001〉$, 〈101̄0〉, and 〈112̄0〉 directions at temperatures from 1.4 to 900^∘{}K. Small anisotropy was observed below the Curie temperature and the easy direction of magnetization was found to be a function of temperature. The absolute saturation magnetic moment was found to be 7.55 Bohr magnetons/atom. The saturation magnetization was observed to follow the T3/2 law from 200 to 50^∘{}K with a deviation from this law observed below 50^∘{}K. A ferromagnetic Curie temperature of 293.2^∘{}K is reported. The effective Bohr magneton number in the paramagnetic region is 7.98 and the paramagnetic Curie temperature is 317^∘{}K. Electrical resistivity measurements were made from 4.2 to 380^∘{}K on the b-axis and c-axis crystals. For the b axis, the resistivity changes slope at 293.2^∘{}K. The c axis exhibits a small maximum at 292^∘{}K and a shallow minimum at 340^∘{}K.