Efficacy, safety and adherence of high intensity interval training and remote ischemic pre-condition among coronary artery disease patients: a study protocol

Health professionals have introduced high intensity interval training (HIIT) and acknowledge it as an effective intervention for improving cardiovascular responses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is ongoing debate about HIIT due to potential safety issues that could impact its efficacy and adherence to the intervention. Currently, health practitioners are also highlighting a novel intervention known as remote ischemic precondition (RIPC), which is a simple technique that requires minimal time commitment. Urgent investigation is required to address these issues regarding the most effective secondary intervention. Therefore, we aim to compare the efficacy, safety, and adherence of HIIT and RIPC for the management of CAD patients. This is a randomized control trial (RCT) for CAD patients, above 18 years of age, who completed a phase two cardiac rehabilitation program following a hospital admission for cardiac-related events or procedures related to CAD. We will randomly assign participants to one of three groups. 1. HIIT. 4 x 4 minutes at 80–95% HRR interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery. 2. RIPC. 4 x 5 minutes inflate at 220 mmHg interspersed with 5 minutes deflate. 3. Standard care. Primary outcomes are change in exercise capacity (peak VO2), hs-CRP, lipid profiles, body composition, and LV functions. Secondary outcome measures are safety and adherence, following the intervention three times a week for 12 weeks. We anticipate study findings will help physiotherapists and medical trainers in designing the most effective secondary intervention for greater benefits to CAD patients.