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Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate how the key barriers, namely output quality, perceived ease of use, job technology fit, digital self-efficacy, and perceived usefulness influence digital transformation in Yemeni public organizations, while also testing the mediating role of perceived usefulness. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a quantitative research design. Structured questionnaires were utilized to collect data via Google Forms from 321 participants across five Yemeni public organizations. The stratified random sampling was used for data acquisition. The proposed conceptual framework was tested using Structural Equation Modeling. Findings The findings reveal that perceived usefulness is significantly influenced by output quality, perceived ease of use, job technology fit, and digital self-efficacy. In turn, perceived usefulness has a direct and significant effect on digital transformation, acting as a key mediator linking individual and technological factors to actionable digital transformation in Yemeni organizations. Furthermore, job technology fit increases the overall acceptability of digital initiatives, while higher degrees of digital self-efficacy promote individuals' engagement with new technologies. These results demonstrate how crucial individual competences are in promoting successful digital transformation. Social implications Addressing digital transformation barriers fosters engagement in the transformation process, promoting an inclusive digital environment aligned with digital sustainability in the public sector. Originality/value This study is among the first to apply an extended Technology Acceptance Model to Yemen's public sector, highlighting perceived usefulness as a key driver of digital transformation. The findings provide practical insights for policymakers and managers in low-resource environments, where digital initiatives face challenges.
Mohammed Saleh Al-Tuhaifi (Wed,) studied this question.