On the Role of the Viscosity Parameters in the Large Time Asymptotics of 2D Micropolar Flows

We investigate the role of the four viscosity parameters, in fluids where the particles possess a microstructure (micropolar flows) and are allowed to rotate in a two-dimensional setting. We first establish the existence of global finite energy solutions, satisfying the classical energy equality, for arbitrary initial data in L², in the case of a spin viscosity γ≥0, and we construct the asymptotic profiles of the solution as t→+∞. We deduce the remarkable fact that the large time behavior only depends on the kinematic viscosity $μ$, and not on the other parameters $χ$ (vortex-viscosity), $γ$ (spin viscosity) and $κ$ (gyroviscosity) of the model. Our primary tool is a new enstrophy-like identity of independent interest, involving the difference between the fluid vorticity and the micro-angular velocity. Another consequence of our analysis is the identification of scenarios where the presence of micro-rotational effects significantly enhances dissipation, thereby slowing down the fluid motion at large times.