Lost Legacies: The Dual Burden of Bereavement and Parenthood Under China’s One-Child Policy

This study examines the psychological impacts of only-child status and bereavement among older adults. Utilizing 2014-2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) data, the research assessed depression via the CESD-9 and social networks through the Lubben Social Network Scale-6. Findings reveal that while having an only child initially correlates with reduced depressive symptoms, losing that child significantly exacerbates mental health challenges and hinders social adaptation. This adverse interaction is primarily mediated by the shrinkage of family and friend networks. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the psychological burden is more pronounced among females, urban residents, and religious individuals.