Organic farming and landscape context enhance anurans' taxonomic and functional diversity in the Brazilian Pampa

• Organic farming supports higher anuran richness and functional diversity in the Brazilian Pampa. • Native forest patches increase functional diversity in organic agroecosystems. • Sustainable farming and habitat conservation promote biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Agricultural intensification is one of the leading drivers of global biodiversity loss. Assessing its ecological impacts requires more than just measuring species richness; incorporating functional diversity allows for deeper insight into changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning. Amphibians are sensitive to environmental change, making them ideal indicators of ecosystem health. In this study, we examined how agricultural management influences the taxonomic and functional diversity of anuran communities in the Brazilian Pampa. We surveyed anurans in 26 ponds across 16 family farms (nine organics and seven conventional), sampled three times during the 2023–2024 breeding seasons. Diversity metrics were assessed at both the pond and farming levels, incorporating local habitat features and landscape composition at multiple spatial scales. Results showed that organic agroecosystems supported higher species richness at the pond scale, although functional diversity did not differ between management types at this level. In contrast, at the agroecosystem scale, organic farming supported higher functional diversity than conventional systems. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between management type and surrounding forest cover: organic farming adjacent to forest patches had the highest diversity values. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating sustainable agricultural practices with the conservation of natural landscape elements. Promoting organic farming alongside the preservation of native habitats can help mitigate the negative effects of intensification and enhance biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.