Association between unhealthy dietary patterns and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a prevalent mental health concern globally, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential link between dietary patterns and anxiety symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and anxiety, shedding light on the potential impact of dietary choices on mental health. METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted up to February 2026. Eligible studies that investigated the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and anxiety were included. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot analysis and Egger's test. RESULTS: = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of an association between unhealthy dietary patterns and increased odds of anxiety.