Tuberculous Miliary Disease Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Case Report

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard adjuvant treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although highly effective, BCG therapy may be associated with rare but potentially severe systemic complications. We report the case of a 52-year-old man treated with intravesical BCG for carcinoma in situ of the bladder who subsequently developed miliary tuberculosis. This case shows that general complications of intravesical BCG therapy are becoming increasingly frequent and should be used with caution while respecting international recommendations.