ADHD Prevalence in Turkish Preschoolers: Comorbidity and Associated Factors

This two-stage cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, subtypes, and associated factors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among Turkish preschool children. Preschool children attending randomly selected kindergartens in Denizli, Türkiye, were screened using parent and teacher forms of the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Disorders Screening and Rating Scale, and screen-positive children underwent diagnostic evaluation with the K-SADS-PL. ADHD prevalence was 9.3% when impairment criteria were applied and 13.8% without impairment criteria. The combined subtype was the most frequent presentation, and anxiety disorder was the most common comorbidity. Younger maternal and paternal ages were associated with increased ADHD likelihood. Findings suggest that ADHD is relatively common among Turkish preschool children.