Spinning Optimization of Fine Cashmere Yarns: Influence of Fiber Preparation and Spinning Technology

Cashmere is recognized as one of the most valuable natural fibers due to its softness, fineness, and valuable properties. However, the production of fine cashmere yarns remains technically challenging due to the intrinsic variability of fiber characteristics and the presence of coarse guard hairs within the fleece. This study investigates the optimization of spinning conditions for the production of fine cashmere yarns by analyzing the influence of fiber preparation and spinning technology on yarn structure and performance. Cashmere fibers with an average diameter of approximately 16 µm were processed through several preparation stages to improve fiber alignment and reduce the proportion of short fibers. Yarns with linear densities ranging from 10 to 12.9 tex were produced using both conventional ring spinning and compact spinning systems. Yarn quality was evaluated through measurements of irregularity, yarn defects, tensile properties, and hairiness. The results indicate that improved fiber preparation significantly enhances sliver regularity and spinning stability, while compact spinning technology reduces yarn hairiness. However, the results also show that residual defects such as neps remain the main limiting factor for spinning performance, even under optimized conditions. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing both fiber preparation and spinning technology to enhance the spinnability and overall quality of fine cashmere yarns.