Advances in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Ions in Wastewater by Adsorption Technology

With advancing industrialization, the discharge of heavy metal-containing industrialwastewater is increasing, a critical challenge in water pollution control. Heavy metal ions, with high toxicity, strong bioaccumulation and poor biodegradability, threaten ecosystems and human health severely. The adsorption method has attracted much attention for heavy metal removal due to its simple process, wide applicability and stable efficiency. This paper systematically reviews recent progress of adsorption technology in heavy metal wastewater treatment, focusing on adsorption mechanisms, adsorbent types and modification methods. It also summarizes application effects of typical adsorbents, discusses engineering application problems, and prospects future development, aiming to provide theoretical and practical references for heavy metal wastewater pollution control.