Iron‐Modified Zeolite Species Distribution, Multiscale Characterization, and Current Research Status: A Review

The introduction of iron or iron in combination with other metals in a bimetallic form into zeolite frameworks can effectively address issues such as the insufficient stability and limited active adsorption sites of traditional zeolite materials. Iron‐based zeolites (Fe‐ZSM‐5, Fe‐Beta, Fe‐SSZ‐13), as efficient heterogeneous catalysts, have been widely applied in petrochemical and environmental protection fields. However, the existence and distribution of iron species within zeolites significantly affect their catalytic performance due to the influence of synthesis methods, preparation parameters, and other factors. Understanding these relationships is essential for advancing the industrial application of iron‐based zeolites. Therefore, this review summarizes recent research progress on the preparation and application of iron‐based zeolites, specifically highlighting the factors influencing the distribution of iron species and their identification and characterization methods. It also discusses the regulatory effects of iron and bimetallic incorporation on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of zeolites. Furthermore, the paper reviews and prospects the current state of research on iron‐based zeolites in catalysis and environmental remediation. This review aims to provide theoretical insights for enhancing the catalytic activity and future structural design of iron‐based zeolites.