Prognostic Significance of Nutritional and Inflammatory Factors in Gastric Cancer Surgery

Introduction: Various nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed to predict prognosis in cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the most significant of these, along with clinical features, in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Preoperative markers included mGPS(Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score), NLR(Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), CAR(CRP to Albumin ratio), PNI( Prognostic Nutritional Index), and CONUT (Controlling Nutrition Status)score. Postoperative markers were CRPmax, postoperative complications, and operative procedures. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Key prognostic factors were identified using stepwise univariate and multivariable Cox regression. Results: 360 patients were analyzed. Stepwise Cox analysis showed mGPS as the strongest preoperative predictor of OS and RFS. When including both pre- and postoperative variables, age, pathological stage, and surgical procedure were independent prognostic factors. In a model limited to modifiable factors, mGPS and postoperative complications independently predicted both OS and RFS, while surgical procedure independently predicted RFS only. Conclusions: Improving preoperative mGPS and minimizing postoperative complications may enhance survival after gastrectomy. When appropriate, stomach-preserving procedures (e.g., subtotal distal gastrectomy) should be favored over total gastrectomy.