Preparation and Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Dendritic Fibrous Membranes for High-Efficiency Antibacterial Activity and Air Filtration

Metal nanoparticles are widely used in fibrous membrane materials due to their excellent antibacterial properties. However, metal nanoparticle-loaded fibrous membranes often face the trade-off between antibacterial performance and filtration efficiency. To address this issue, silver nanoparticle-loaded dendritic fibrous membranes were prepared via electrospinning technology in this study, and the dual optimization of antibacterial and filtration performance was achieved by adjusting the silver loading amount and fiber morphology. The results showed that the prepared silver nanoparticle-loaded PVDF dendritic fibrous membrane exhibited an outstanding air filtration performance with a filtration efficiency of 99.87% for 0.3 µm particulate matter, a pressure drop of 87.4 Pa, and a quality factor (QF) of 0.076 Pa−1. In addition, the membrane presented excellent antibacterial activity with inhibition rates of 99.9% and 99.8% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. This study provides a new insight into resolving the trade-off between air filtration and antibacterial performance of metal nanoparticle-loaded fibrous membranes and offers an important reference for applications in related fields.