Competitive struggle between Russia and France in the grain market in North African countries

Competition in the agricultural market of North Africa plays a key role in strengthening the economic and geopolitical influence of states. The article analyzes the dynamics of rivalry between Russia and France in the export of grain crops to countries in the region, including Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco. The factors contributing to Russia’s growing influence are examined: price competitiveness, improved product quality, development of logistical infrastructure, and the use of grain as a "soft power" tool under sanctions pressure. Particular attention is paid to France’s declining share in traditional markets, linked to diplomatic tensions, reduced crop yields, and shifting priorities of African countries. Using Egypt and Algeria as case studies, the article demonstrates how Russian wheat exports are transforming import structures, displacing European suppliers. Also, the prospects for Russia in the region are outlined, including the need to adapt to logistical challenges and strengthen interstate cooperation in the agricultural sector.