Pancasila is the philosophical basis for the foundation of independent Indonesia. Prescribed in the Indonesian Constitution, it has been an immovable foundation of Indonesia since independence. Pancasila consists of five inseparable and mutually qualifying principles: 1) belief in the One and Only God 2) just and civilized humanity 3) the unity of Indonesia 4) democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations amongst representatives 5) social justice for all the Indonesian people. Pancasila also has been the key philosophical concept in Indonesian formal education. Without a clear and accurate understanding of Pancasila, it is not possible to understand properly the national education of independent Indonesia. This paper will thus examine Indonesian national education in relation to Pancasila. National education in Indonesia usually means the education since independence of the nation as a sovereign country. However, its origin is found in the efforts of the people to provide their own education during the period of colonization by the Netherlands.
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Shigeo Nishimura (1995) studied this question.