Shear wave velocity to evaluate in situ state of cohesionless soils

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Shear wave velocity (V s ) measurements were carried out in a triaxial testing program on three different cohesionless soils. The V s was measured using bender elements during consolidation and at ultimate steady state. After consolidation the soil samples were loaded in shear under constant strain rate triaxial compression either drained or undrained to determine their ultimate steady or critical state (USS) at large strains. The V s measurements were used to develop relationships between the void ratio (e), mean normal effective stress (p′), and V s . The shear loading results were expressed within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The results of the V s and USS information were combined with the state parameter concept to develop an equation to use field measured V s to estimate the in situ consolidation state within a soil. Thus, the contractive–dilative boundary with respect to vertical effective stress for large strain loading can be determined from in situ measurements of V s . These can then be used as a design aid to determine if a soil deposit is potentially susceptible to flow liquefaction. Worked examples to illustrate the procedure are given.