A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone Therapy in Patients with Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the search strategy and study selection process for the meta-analysis. PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Figure 2. Quality assessment of the included randomized controlled trials. The trials of medium to high quality were identified using the Cochrane method for assessing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [5,10,13-17].

Figure 3. Funnel plots for A) kidney failure, B) ESRD (end-stage renal disease). RR (relative risk) was used as effect measures and SE (standard error) as a measure of precision. The funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Figure 4. Funnel plots for A) sustained decrease to 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, B) sustained decrease of eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) by >40% from baseline). RR (relative risk) was used as effect measures and SE (standard error) as a measure of precision. The funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Figure 5. Funnel plots for A) death from renal causes and B) cardiovascular-related mortality. RR (relative risk) was used as effect measures and SE (standard error) as a measure of precision. The funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Figure 6. Funnel plots for A) hospitalization for heart failure and B) nonfatal myocardial infarction. RR (relative risk) was used as effect measures and SE (standard error) as a measure of precision. The funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Figure 7. Funnel plot for nonfatal stroke. RR (relative risk) was used as effect measures and SE (standard error) as a measure of precision. The funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Figure 8. Forest plot for kidney failure. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel Hansel [5,10,14,15]

Figure 9. Forest plot for end-stage kidney disease. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel Hansel [5,10,14,15]

Figure 10. Forest plot of sustained decrease to 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel Hansel [5,10,14,15]

Figure 11. Forest plot showing sustained decrease of eGFR of >40% from baseline. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Hansel [5,10,14]

Figure 12. Forest plot showing death from renal causes. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Hansel [5,10,14]