January 1, 1993American Psychologist
Facial expression and emotion.
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Implication
Review summarizes cross-cultural facial measurement and emotion dynamics across populations, highlighting the complex relationship between internal feelings and visible expressions.
Key Points
- To review cross-cultural research on facial movement, evaluate measurement techniques, and examine key questions regarding how facial expressions relate to emotional experience.
- Synthesized cross-cultural empirical literature assessing facial actions and emotional interpretations.
- Reviewed the development and application of objective methodologies designed to measure facial behaviors.
- Identified that facial expressions convey distinct communicative signals across cultures, although internal emotion can occur without observable facial movement.
- Showed that characteristic facial expressions can be produced in the absence of genuine emotional experience.
- Observed substantial individual differences in how people produce, regulate, and display facial expressions during emotional episodes.
Cite This Study
Paul Ekman (1993) studied this question.