Compliance therapy in psychotic patients: randomised controlled trial

Abstract Objective : To determine whether compliance therapy, a cognitive-behavioural intervention, could improve compliance with treatment and hence social adjustment in acutely psychotic inpatients, and if so, whether the effect persisted six months later. Design : Randomised controlled trial of compliance therapy and non-specific counselling, each comprising 4-6 sessions lasting 10-60 minutes. Setting : Acute psychiatric admissions ward serving an inner London catchment area. Subjects : 47 patients with psychosis. Main outcome measures : Informant and observer reported measure of compliance; observer assessed global functioning after intervention and three and six months later; self rated attitudes to drug treatment after the intervention and one month later; symptom scores after intervention and six months later. Results : 25 patients received compliance therapy and showed significantly greater improvements in their attitudes to drug treatment and in their insight into illness and compliance with treatment compared with the control group. These gains persisted for six months. The intervention group was 5.2 times more likely than the control group to reach a criterion level of compliance (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 18.3). Global functioning showed a tendency to improve more in the intervention group after a delay (odds ratio 3.0 (0.8 to 11.5) to reach the criterion level at six months). Four subjects given compliance therapy and six in the control group were readmitted during follow up (odds ratio 2.0 (0.48 to 8.2)). Conclusions : Compliance therapy is a pragmatic method for improving compliance with drug treatment in psychotic inpatients and its gains persist for at least six months. Overall functioning may also be enhanced. Key messages Key messages Compliance is strongly related to attitudes to treatment and to insight The study found that such attitudes may be influenced by a simple and brief intervention known as compliance therapy Compliance therapy compared with non-specific counselling leads to improved compliance The improvement is sustained for at least six months and may lead to improved social functioning