Cytokine expression in response to root repair agents

Abstract Aim To evaluate the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β, IL‐4, IL‐10, RANKL, RANK and OPG on mouse calvarial bone treated with MTA, Geristore ® and Emdogain ® . Methodology Bone wounds were made on the heads of C57BL/6 mice, breaking the periosteum and the cortical surface of the calvaria. Each repair agent was inserted into sectioned Eppendorf microtubes and placed on the bone wound, and soft tissues were sutured. At 14 and 21 days, animals were sacrificed and the treated region was dissected. The calvaria bone was removed, and RNA was extracted. mRNA expression of the aforementioned cytokines was assessed using real‐time PCR. Data were analysed by nonparametric methods, including the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests ( P < 0.05). Results Following treatment with Emdogain ® and MTA, mRNA expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG increased significantly ( P < 0.05) between days 14 to 21. Geristore ® did not alter the basal expression of these mediators during the same period of evaluation. Whilst treatment with Emdogain ® did cause a significant increase in TNF‐α mRNA expression between days 14 and 21 ( P < 0.05), treatment with MTA did not alter the basal expression of this cytokine at either experimental time point. However, TNF‐α mRNA expression was down‐regulated significantly at day 21 ( P < 0.05) when Geristore ® was applied. A significant increase in the mRNA expression of IL‐6, TGF‐β, IL‐10, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ was observed with Emdogain ® and MTA treatment between days 14 to 21, whereas Geristore ® reduced significantly the expression of IL‐6, TGF‐β and IL‐4 ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical indication of these repair agents depends on the root resorption diagnosis. Whilst MTA and Emdogain ® induce a pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory response early and late, respectively, Geristore ® was not associated with an inflammatory reaction when compared with both repair agents.