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The twelfth Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2003, was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) November 18–21, 2003. The conference was co-sponsored by NIST, the US Department of Defense Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
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Ellen M. Voorhees (2001) studied this question.