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This study investigates the relationship between a volitional lifestyle and sleep-life habits in the aged. High volitional group (HVG: n=45, 26 men and 19 women, mean age 73.0 years) and low-volitional group (LVG: n=45, 27 men and 18 women, mean age 72.2 years) were grouped using the scale of self-confidence. It was found that high volitional aged individuals had a relatively well structured sleep, and that most had become accustomed to taking an appetitive nap (an individual with a mean wake time shorter than the average) in the mid-afternoon without experiencing insomniac problems.
Shirota et al. (Wed,) studied this question.