DepressIon AmoNg CardiovaScular Disease Patients in Libya—PrEvalenCe and AssociaTions: INSPECT Study

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with depression among patients with cardiovascular diseases and followed-up in a public teaching hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a systematic random sample of 302 out-patients with cardiovascular diseases and followed-up in the cardiology outpatient department at Tripoli University Hospital. Stable adults (>18 years of age) were eligible to be included in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to complete a questionnaire comprising questions on demographic, medical, and lifestyle issues besides the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 tool. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 22, was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Age ranged between 29 and 84 years with a mean age of 60.6 ± 10.4 years; 60.6% were females and 75.8% were married. The highest prevalent morbidity was hypertension (76.2%) followed by diabetes mellitus (48%), ischemic heart disease (39%), and different types of arrhythmias (22.8%). About 59.3% of screened patients had different degrees of depression from mild to severe. The participants with a positive history of psychological problems, those complicated with cardiomyopathy, those who were females, patients with a history of cerebrovascular accident, and patients who were living alone were more likely to be depressed. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of depression is found to be higher among patients with cardiovascular diseases and a family history of psychological illnesses, and cardiomyopathy had the highest contribution as independent predictor for depression. Screening of all patients with cardiovas-cular diseases is essential to identify and treat the patients at greater risk of depression.