Resource orchestration in green process innovation: Evidence from the logistics industry in Poland

Green process innovations offer both environmental and economic benefits in service firms. Despite growing research on their sustainability and competitiveness implications, these innovations have yet to be fully recognized as diverse strategic resources embedded within firm-specific portfolios of capabilities and assets, whose heterogeneity produces varied implications for performance. This study applies Resource Orchestration Theory (ROT) to examine how differences in configurations of green process innovations and complementary assets shape ecological and competitive outcomes. Using survey data from a primary survey of green warehouses in Poland, our findings reveal that external pressures and strategic green orientation influence green process innovation, resulting in measurable differences in sustainability and competitive gains. By demonstrating how variations in resource configurations impact performance outcomes in service firms, this study refines theoretical perspectives on sustainability-driven competitive advantage. Further, it extends green innovation research by addressing sector-specific challenges of resource orchestration in ecological transitions. The study also offers practical insights into how firms can strategically manage post-adoption adjustments to enhance both ecological and competitive outcomes.