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August 17, 2016Palliative MedicineOpen Access

Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences

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Authors

SSShane SinclairAlberta Health ServicesKBKate BeamerUniversity of CalgaryTHThomas F. HackManitoba Health

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Overview

Grounded theory study reveals distinct patient experiences of sympathy, empathy, and compassion in advanced cancer, highlighting actionable compassion as the most valued response.

Key Points

  • To investigate advanced cancer patients' understandings, experiences, and preferences regarding sympathy, empathy, and compassion to establish conceptual clarity for research and clinical care.
  • Conducted semi-structured interviews with 53 advanced cancer inpatients at a large urban hospital.
  • Analyzed qualitative interview transcripts independently using the three stages and core principles of Straussian grounded theory.
  • Sympathy was characterized as an unwanted, pity-based reaction marked by an observer's self-preservation and a lack of understanding.
  • Empathy was experienced as emotional resonance that acknowledges and attempts to understand individual suffering.
  • Compassion incorporated key elements of empathy while uniquely featuring love, altruism, and actionable kindness, emerging as the most preferred and impactful response.

Cite This Study

Sinclair et al. (2016) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a109739e1a472cb5efd2e78https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors.1987 · 2,556 citations
  2. 2Compassion in psychotherapy: The perspective of therapists nominated as compassionate2008 · 94 citations
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  4. 4Family satisfaction with family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Increased proportion of family speech is associated with increased satisfaction*2004 · 499 citations
  5. 5Can 40 Seconds of Compassion Reduce Patient Anxiety?1999 · 552 citations