Heart chambers and whole heart segmentation techniques: review

Computer-aided segmentation of cardiac images obtained by various modalities plays an important role and is a prerequisite for a wide range of cardiac applications by facilitating the delineation of anatomical regions of interest. Numerous computerized methods have been developed to tackle this problem. Recent studies employ sophisticated techniques using available cues from cardiac anatomy such as geometry, visual appearance, and prior knowledge. In addition, new minimization and computational methods have been adopted with improved computational speed and robustness. We provide an overview of cardiac segmentation techniques, with a goal of providing useful advice and references. In addition, we describe important clinical applications, imaging modalities, and validation methods used for cardiac segmentation.