The Differential Expressions and Associations of Intracellular and Extracellular GRP78/Bip with Disease Activity and Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Figures

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  Figure 1. The differential expressions of serum GRP78/BiP in different states of RA. Serum GRP78/BiP under different conditions (n = 16) (A), statuses (n = 16, 16, 48, 48) (B), and stages (n = 32) [(C,D)] of RA. CON: Patients with traumatic meniscal injury (n = 16). iCON: Patients with osteoarthritis. RA activity patients with early-stage (aES RA), moderate-stage (aMS RA), and severe-stage (aSS RA). RA remission patients with early-stage (rES RA), moderate-stage (rMS RA), and severe-stage (rSS RA). RArS: disease remission status of RA. RAaS: disease activity status of RA. Mann–Whitney U test was employed to assess the differences between two groups. a: p < 0.05 versus CON. b: p < 0.05 versus iCON. c: p < 0.05 versus RArS. A: p < 0.05 versus early-stage. B: p < 0.05 versus moderate-stage.

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  Figure 2. The differential expressions of GRP78/BiP in different states of RA. GRP78/BiP levels in serum, SF, and synovium under different conditions (n = 3) [(A–C)], statuses (n = 3, 3, 9, 9) (D), and stages (n = 6) [(E,F)] of RA. SF: synovial fluid. CON: Patients with traumatic meniscal injury. iCON: Patients with osteoarthritis. RA activity patients with early-stage (aES RA), moderate-stage (aMS RA), and severe-stage (aSS RA). RA remission patients with early-stage (rES RA), moderate-stage (rMS RA), and severe-stage (rSS RA). RArS: RA remission status. RAaS: RA activity status. Independent Student’s t test was used to compare the differences between two independent groups. a: p < 0.05 versus CON. b: p < 0.05 versus iCON. c: p < 0.05 versus RArS. A: p < 0.05 versus early-stage. B: p < 0.05 versus moderate-stage.

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  Figure 3. The expressions of GRP78/BiP and Caspase-3 in different states of RA. Western blot analysis of GRP78/BiP and Caspase-3 in synovium [(A,B)], GRP78/BiP in SF [(C,D)]. GRP78/BiP and Caspase-3 levels under different statuses (E), and stages [(F,G)] of RA. SF: synovial fluid. CON: Patients with traumatic meniscal injury. iCON: Patients with osteoarthritis. RA activity patients with early-stage (aES RA), moderate-stage (aMS RA), and severe-stage (aSS RA). RA remission patients with early-stage (rES RA), moderate-stage (rMS RA), and severe-stage (rSS RA). RArS: RA remission status. RAaS: RA activity status. Independent Student’s t test was used to compare the differences between two independent groups. a: p < 0.05 versus CON. b: p < 0.05 versus iCON. c: p < 0.05 versus RArS. A: p < 0.05 versus early-stage. B: p < 0.05 versus moderate-stage.

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  Figure 4. The expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 in different states of RA. TNF-α and IL-10 levels in serum (A), SF (B), and synovium (C) under different disease conditions of RA (n = 3). TNF-α levels under different statuses (n = 3, 3, 9, 9) (D), and stages (n = 6) [(E,F)] of RA. IL-10 levels under different statuses (n = 3, 3, 9, 9) (G), and stages (n = 6) [(H,I)] of RA. SF: synovial fluid. CON: Patients with traumatic meniscal injury. iCON: Patients with osteoarthritis. RA activity patients with early-stage (aES RA), moderate-stage (aMS RA), and severe-stage (aSS RA). RA remission patients with early-stage (rES RA), moderate-stage (rMS RA), and severe-stage (rSS RA). RArS: RA remission status. RAaS: RA activity status. Independent Student’s t test was used to compare the differences between two independent groups. a: p < 0.05 versus CON. b: p < 0.05 versus iCON. c: p < 0.05 versus RArS. A: p < 0.05 versus early-stage. B: p < 0.05 versus moderate-stage.

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  Figure 5. The intracellular and extracellular GRP78/BiP is a master regulator of apoptosis and inflammation, obtaining help from GRP78/BiP in RA.