Key result
Moderate self-efficacy was associated with greater left prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task compared to low self-efficacy (d = 0.78; 95% CI 0.22-1.33).
Why the study?
Does self-efficacy level affect prefrontal cortex activation during a verbal fluency task in undergraduate students?
Cross-Sectional (n=89)
Does self-efficacy level affect prefrontal cortex activation during a verbal fluency task in undergraduate students?
Effect estimate: d 0.78 (95% CI 0.22-1.33)
Individuals with low self-efficacy exhibit less left prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task compared to those with moderate self-efficacy, providing neurobiological evidence for the construct.
Self-efficacy may shape prefrontal responses during cognitive effort in students; leaves open extension to clinical populations or interventions.
Although self-efficacy has been used extensively in the field of nursing (e.g., as an outcome measure of nursing interventions), its underlying nature is poorly understood. Investigation of the relationship between self-efficacy and brain activation will help explain the fundamental nature of self-efficacy. In this study, we compared prefrontal activation measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) across 89 undergraduate students categorized into three groups based on their General Self-Efficacy Scale scores: low self-efficacy ( n = 59), moderate self-efficacy ( n = 17), and high self-efficacy ( n = 13). Changes in the hemoglobin levels of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a verbal fluency task were assessed using two-channel NIRS. Significant differences in the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) level of the left PFC (LPFC) were observed via analysis of variance. Post hoc Tukey's test showed a significant difference only between low self-efficacy and moderate self-efficacy groups. We found a medium between-group effect size in the moderate self-efficacy group versus the low self-efficacy group for the changes in oxy-Hb levels of the LPFC ( d = .78; 95% confidence interval for effect size [0.22, 1.33]). No significant between-group differences were observed with respect to changes in the oxy-Hb in the right PFC. The results indicate less left prefrontal activation in the low self-efficacy group than in the moderate self-efficacy group. These findings provide evidence to support the fundamental nature of self-efficacy.
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Kazuki Hirao (2017) reported a cross-sectional. Moderate self-efficacy vs. Low self-efficacy was evaluated on Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels of the left prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task (d 0.78, 95% CI 0.22-1.33). Moderate self-efficacy was associated with greater left prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task compared to low self-efficacy (d = 0.78; 95% CI 0.22-1.33).
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