Characterization of sympathicotonia in post‐covid condition (long covid) and healthy controls using long‐term electrodermal activity (EDA) follow‐up

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study design for the selection and analysis of the patients and controls. ‘Self‐Reported Symp‐PCC’ = Post‐COVID condition patients who self‐reported symptoms suggestive of sympathicotonia. ‘Self‐Reported Non‐Symp‐PCC’ = Post‐COVID condition patients without self‐reported symptoms suggestive of sympathicotonia. ‘Ortho‐Symp’ = participants with a sympathicotonic orthostatic reaction. ‘Ortho‐Non‐Symp’ = participants without a sympathicotonic orthostatic reaction. ‘Ortho‐Symp‐PCC’ = Post‐COVID condition patients with a sympathicotonic orthostatic reaction. ‘Ortho‐Non‐Symp‐PCC’ = Post‐COVID condition patients without a sympathicotonic orthostatic reaction.

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  Figure 2. Longitudinal presentation and comparison of the mean DNE values over a 2‐week day and night follow‐up period between PCC patients (Self‐Reported Symp‐PCC + Self‐Reported Non‐Symp‐PCC) and control subjects. Simultaneous average step counts per minute are shown below the DNE curves. p values for significant hourly differences are shown just above or just below the respective curves, while the p value for the overall difference across the follow‐up period is shown at the bottom of the figure. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean for each hour, without accounting within‐subject correlations.

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  Figure 3. Longitudinal presentation and comparison of the mean DNE values over a 2‐week day and night follow‐up between Ortho‐Symp and Ortho‐Non‐Symp participants (N = 35). Simultaneous average step counts per minute are shown below the DNE curves. p‐Values for significant hourly differences are shown just above or just below the respective curves, while the p‐value for the overall difference across the follow‐up period is shown at the bottom of the figure. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean for each hour, without accounting within‐subject correlations.

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  Figure 4. Longitudinal presentation and comparison of the mean DNE values over a 2‐week day and night follow‐up between Ortho‐Symp‐PCC and Ortho‐Non‐Symp‐PCC patients. Simultaneous average step counts per minute are shown below the DNE curves. p‐Values for significant hourly differences are shown just above the curves, while the p‐value for the overall difference across the follow‐up period is shown at the bottom of the figure. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean for each hour, without accounting within‐subject correlations.