“I Feel Present. Therefore, I Experience Flow:” A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Flow and Presence in Video Games

Driven by theories of flow and presence, three studies examined the antecedents and consequences of flow across three different video game genres. Structural equation modeling analyses reveal the roles of (1) physical presence in medical simulation games; (2) spatial presence in driving games; and (3) self-presence in avatar-based narrative-driven games. A 3 (skill: low, medium, high) × 3 (challenge: low, medium, high) between-subjects ANOVA indicates that a balance between skill and challenge induces greater flow. Theoretical contributions regarding the relevance of flow to electronic games and practical implications for the design of diverse game genres are discussed. Notes The author thanks Dr. Susan Brinson (the editor) and the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable insights and constructive comments.