Ideally, what is needed is a standard questionnaire with a routine procedure for administration, objective scoring, norms for various populations, details of internal consistency, retest stability and concurrent and predictive validity. Without such a technically advanced questionnaire, it is impossible to be sure that this method of measuring deviant behavior is superior to the official records. It is illuminating to review the progress which has so far been made towards the psychometric ideal.2
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David P. Farrington (1973) studied this question.
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