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Introduces the concept of non‐company‐based vocational training in Germany and assesses the impact of vocational training without work experience. Provides primary research results drawn from a representative survey of eastern German trainees in company and non‐company‐based training. Highlights the importance associated with real work experiences and critically examines the attempts by German labour market authorities to introduce apprenticeship training by providing a state‐funded alternative.
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J. R. Shackleton (1997) studied this question.
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