Athletic participation was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared with non-athlete controls (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.73-3.51; p<0.001).
Meta-Analysis
Does athletic participation increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared to non-athlete controls?
Athletes have an approximately 2.5-fold increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared to non-athletes, with the highest risk observed in younger athletes (<55 years) and those participating in mixed sports.
Effect estimate: OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.73-3.51)
p-value: p=<0.001
OBJECTIVE: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on selected studies to investigate the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among athletes compared with non-athlete controls. DESIGN: Meta-analysis with heterogeneity analysis and subsequent meta-regression to model covariates were performed. The mode of exercise (endurance and mixed sports) and age were the a priori determined covariates. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane library were searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Research articles published after 1990 and before 2 December 2020 were included if they reported the number of AF cases in athletes with non-athlete (physically active or inactive) control groups, were case-control or cohort studies and if data allowed calculation of OR. RESULTS: The risk of developing AF was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athlete controls (OR: 2.46; 95% CI 1.73 to 3.51; p<0.001, Z=4.97). Mode of exercise and risk of AF were moderately correlated (B=0.1259, p=0.0193), with mixed sport conferring a greater risk of AF than endurance sport (B=-0.5476, p=0.0204). Younger (<55 years) athletes were significantly more likely to develop AF compared with older (≥55 years) athletes (B=-0.02293, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Athletes have a significantly greater likelihood of developing AF compared with non-athlete controls, with those participating in mixed sport and younger athletes at the greatest risk. Future studies of AF prevalence in athletes according to specific exercise dose parameters, including training and competition history, may aid further in delineating those at risk.
Newman et al. (Mon,) conducted a meta-analysis in Atrial fibrillation. Athletic participation vs. Non-athlete controls (physically active or inactive) was evaluated on Incidence of atrial fibrillation (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.73-3.51, p=<0.001). Athletic participation was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared with non-athlete controls (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.73-3.51; p<0.001).