Violent non-state actors' patterns of power: The case of Hezbollah

Conventional International Relations emphasises the role of states as the primary actors, with control being the ultimate form of power. However, in today's interconnected and intricate global landscape, non-state actors, particularly violent non-state actors (VNSAs), wield significant influence. This article seeks to understand the complex power dynamics of VNSAs and how they maintain dominance and exert influence in unstable environments. Focusing on Hezbollah as a primary case study, the research analyses the adaptive and coercive strategies this VNSA employs to navigate crises and assert control, often attempting to seize state authority. The research highlights Hezbollah's unique military prowess, political strength, social standing, and ideological foundation. Through a detailed examination of Hezbollah's interactions within Lebanon and its regional contexts, the article aims to reveal fluid patterns of power that challenge traditional notions of state sovereignty and authority. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of VNSAs' resilience and strategic ingenuity. It offers insights into their broader implications for regional stability and international security while laying the groundwork for future comparative analyses of VNSAs in the MENA region and beyond.