A computationally efficient dynamic model of human epicardial tissue

Figures

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  Fig 1. Conduction velocity for different temporal and spatial resolutions. Red marker indicates the time step and the element size adopted.

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  Fig 2. Comparison between simulated and experimental action potential. (A) Experimental action potential measured in human cardiac tissue by Nabauer et al. [20]. (B) Simulated action potential in one-dimensional cable.

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  Fig 3. Time course of the gate variables and the ionic currents in one-dimensional cable. First row shows the time course of the two gate variable and the total ionic current. Second row shows the three contributions to the total ionic current.

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  Fig 4. APD and CV restituition curves in tissue for the proposed model. (A) S1-S2 and steady-state APD restitution curves reproduced by our model. For comparison, experimental data from human tissue measured by Morgan et al. [24] are shown. (B) S1-S2 and steady-state CV restitution curve reproduced by our model. Experimental guinea pig data from Girouard et al. [38] are added for comparison. As in [8, 15], the experimental data are rescaled by a factor of 0.92 to get the same maximum CV level as measured in human tissue [39].

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  Fig 5. Reentrant spiral wave dynamics in 2D reproduced by our model. First row shows snapshots of the membrane potential during spiral wave initiation. Second row shows steady-state dynamics over an half period. Time instants above the pictures are relative to the delivery of S2 stimulus.

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  Fig 6. Spiral tip trajectory during reentry dynamics. (A) Spiral tip trajectory over 1.5 s of simulation after 2.5 s the S2 stimulus. (B) Spiral tip trajectory over a single full rotation.

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  Fig 7. Membrane potentials and electrograms during reentry dynamics. (A) Membrane potential recorded in a point far from the tip (asterisk in Fig 8A). (B) Membrane potential recorded at the center of the spiral core (circle in Fig 8A). (C) Simulated electrogram. Time axis indicates time after S2 stimulus delivery.

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  Fig 8. Mean period map and period spectra during reentry dynamics. (A) Mean period map computed over 2 s of simulation after 2 s the S2 stimulus. The black markers indicates the two point where membrane potentials of Fig 7 were evaluated. (B) Period spectra over 2 s of simulation after 2 s the S2 stimulus.