Factors affecting TQM implementation: Empirical study in Indian industry

During the past two decades, Total Quality Management (TQM) programmes have been implemented in many organizations. There has been a paucity of systematic empirical research to prescribe what factors are really crucial to the successful implementation of TQM programmes. This study is an attempt to identify the critical factors for TQM implementation through survey-based research carried out in Indian industry. Meanings and operational measures of such critical factors are articulated and developed by involving the industry managers asthe appropriate subjects. The measures are subject tointernal consistency and reliability tests. A factor model isevolved which may facilitate the articulation ofglobal perspectives, and understand business imperatives and undertake strategic initiatives to implement TQM programmes across different industry sectors. Some pertinent remarks relating to Indian industry are mentioned. In doing so, this paper establishes a framework for subsequent research and for evaluation of TQM programmes by industry practitioners.