The relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in four community-based cohorts: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 12,860 adults

Figures

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  Fig. 1. PRISMA IPD flow diagram of study selection.

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  Fig. 2. A. Intersection of obesity, defined by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (red circle) and AHI ≥ 5 events/h (OSA). B. Intersection of obesity and AHI ≥ 15 events/h (moderate-to-severe OSA); C. Intersection of obesity and AHI ≥ 30 events/h (severe OSA). Percentage of individuals without obesity in each diagram is related to results of random-effects meta-analyses of prevalences.

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  Fig. 3. Meta prevalence of different weight groups in OSA, defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events/h and in moderate-to-severe OSA, defined as AHI ≥ 15 events/h. OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); SHHS, Sleep Heart Health Study; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

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  Fig. 4. Meta prevalence of OSA, defined as AHI ≥ 5 events/h, and moderate to severe OSA, defined as AHI ≥ 15 events/h, in subgroup of individuals with obesity, defined by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (first forest plot) or overweight, defined by 25 ≥ BMI > 30 kg/m2 (second forest plot). OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; SHHS, Sleep Heart Health Study; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

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  Fig. 5. Sex vs. age-specific meta prevalence of OSA, defined as AHI ≥ 5 events/h, in group of individuals with obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; SHHS, Sleep Heart Health Study; MrOS, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.